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The Purnell Model for Cultural Competence is a broadly utilized model for teaching and studying intercultural competence, especially within the nursing profession. Employing a method of the model incorporates ideas about cultures, persons, healthcare and health professional into a distinct and extensive evaluation instrument used to establish and evaluate cultural competence in healthcare.
The model itself consists of sixteen core concepts: eight patient characteristics and eight nurse competencies. [1] Each of these characteristics and competencies is classified on one of three levels, ranging from minimal complexity to highly complex for patients and competent to expert for nursing.
Later the model was frequently attributed to Abraham Maslow, incorrectly since the model does not appear in his major works. [ 6 ] Several elements, including helping someone "know what they don't know" or recognize a blind spot, can be compared to elements of a Johari window , which was created in 1955, although Johari deals with self ...
The Skill Model refers to the direct, holistic discrimination of what a situation calls for as the performer's "intuition" or "intuitive perspective." The emergence of an intuitive perspective, a direct sense of what is relevant and called for in a given situation, characterizes stages four and five of the Skill Model (proficiency and expertise).
Cultural competence is a practice of values and attitudes that aims to optimize the healthcare experience of patients with cross cultural backgrounds. [6] Essential elements that enable organizations to become culturally competent include valuing diversity, having the capacity for cultural self-assessment, being conscious of the dynamics inherent when cultures interact, having ...
Benner applies this theory to the nursing profession by outlining the same five stages or levels of clinical competency: novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert. These five levels represent an overall change in two aspects of a nurse's skills, increased independence in reliance on abstract ideas and principles and an ...
Structural competency is a term used in American health professional education to describe the ability of health care providers and trainees to appreciate how symptoms, clinical problems, diseases and attitudes toward patients, populations and health systems are influenced by 'upstream' social determinants of health. [citation needed]
Transcultural nursing is how professional nursing interacts with the concept of culture. Based in anthropology and nursing , it is supported by nursing theory , research , and practice . It is a specific cognitive specialty in nursing that focuses on global cultures and comparative cultural caring, health, and nursing phenomena.