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Hydrofluoric acid is a solution of hydrogen fluoride (HF) in water. Solutions of HF are colorless, acidic and highly corrosive . A common concentration is 49% (48-52%) but there are also stronger solutions (e.g. 70%) and pure HF has a boiling point near room temperature.
It is a very poisonous, colorless gas or liquid that dissolves in water to yield hydrofluoric acid. It is the principal industrial source of fluorine, often in the form of hydrofluoric acid, and is an important feedstock in the preparation of many important compounds including pharmaceuticals and polymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
Hydrofluoric acid exposure is often treated with calcium gluconate, a source of Ca 2+ that binds with the fluoride ions. Skin burns can be treated with a water wash and 2.5 percent calcium gluconate gel [64] [65] or special rinsing solutions. [66] Because HF is absorbed, further medical treatment is necessary.
Hydrofluoric acid is also the strongest of the hydrohalic acids in acetic acid and similar solvents. [39] Its hidden acidity potential is also revealed by the fact it protonates acids like hydrochloric, sulfuric, or nitric. [40] Despite its weakness, hydrofluoric acid is very corrosive, even attacking glass (hydrated only). [38]
Hydrogen fluoride readily hydrates on contact with water to form aqueous hydrogen fluoride, also known as hydrofluoric acid. Unlike the other hydrohalic acids, which are strong, hydrofluoric acid is a weak acid at low concentrations. [130] [131] However, it can attack glass, something the other acids cannot do. [132]
The biggest concern is that the refinery continues to use the highly toxic chemical hydrofluoric acid to process fuel, a practice that Schwartz and other activists want to see stopped.
Around one-third of the human population drinks water from groundwater resources. Of this, about 10%, approximately 300 million people, obtain water from groundwater resources that are heavily contaminated with arsenic or fluoride. [64] These trace elements derive mainly from minerals. [65] Maps locating potential problematic wells are ...
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