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Gladius, showing measurement of rachis and vane. The gladius (pl.: gladii), or pen, is a hard internal bodypart found in many cephalopods of the superorder Decapodiformes (particularly squids) and in a single extant member of the Octopodiformes, the vampire squid (Vampyroteuthis infernalis). [1]
Squid in the family Pyroteuthidae have Photophores (small, light-producing organs) on viscera (internal organs), stalk of tentacles, and five large and ten small photophores underneath the eyes. [4] The squid has a wide, triangular mantle with a rounded posterior end and rounded fins on the distal dorsal end of the mantle. [5]
The internal anatomy is visible, including the paired siphons to the right. A siphon is an anatomical structure which is part of the body of aquatic molluscs in three classes: Gastropoda, Bivalvia and Cephalopoda (members of these classes include saltwater and freshwater snails, clams, octopus, squid and relatives).
Squid, on the other hand, can be found to travel vast distances, with some moving as much as 2,000 km in 2.5 months at an average pace of 0.9 body lengths per second. [81] There is a major reason for the difference in movement type and efficiency: anatomy.
Taningia danae, the Dana octopus squid, is a species of squid in the family Octopoteuthidae. It is one of the largest known squid species , reaching a mantle length of 1.7 m (5.6 ft) [ 3 ] and total length of 2.3 m (7.5 ft). [ 4 ]
Spirula spirula is a species of deep-water squid-like cephalopod mollusk. It is the only extant member of the genus Spirula , the family Spirulidae , and the order Spirulida . Because of the shape of its internal shell, it is commonly known as the ram's horn squid [ 3 ] or the little post horn squid .
The vampire squid (Vampyroteuthis infernalis, lit. 'vampire squid from hell') is a small cephalopod found throughout temperate and tropical oceans in extreme deep sea conditions. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The vampire squid uses its bioluminescent organs and its unique oxygen metabolism to thrive in the parts of the ocean with the lowest concentrations of oxygen.
The main function of this organ is disputed but it is believed to be used to test incoming water for silt and possible food particles or, in some species, for sensing the presence of light. It is a popular idea among malacologists that the presence of an osphradium should be a molluscan synapomorphy .