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Various types of flanges are available, depending on construction. Flanges used in piping (orifice, threaded, slip-on, blind, weld neck, socket weld, lap-joint, and reducing) are available with a variety of facings, such as raised, flat, and ring-joint. Flange connections tend to be expensive because they require the precision forming of metal.
A blind flange is a plate for covering or closing the end of a pipe. A flange joint is a connection of pipes, where the connecting pieces have flanges by which the parts are bolted together. Although the word 'flange' generally refers to the actual raised rim or lip of a fitting, many flanged plumbing fittings are themselves known as flanges.
Bolt banging occurs in buildings when bolted joints slip into "bearing under load", thus causing a loud and potentially frightening noise resembling a rifle shot that is not, however, of structural significance and does not pose any threat to occupants. A bolted joint between two elements may act as a bearing-type joint, or a friction joint.
A bolted joint is a mechanical joint which is the most popular choice for connecting two members together. It is easy to design and easy to procure parts for, making it a very popular design choice for many applications. Advantage: Joints are easily assembled/ disassembled by using a torque wrench or other fastener tooling. [7]
As the circumferential tension increases, the V-groove wedges over flanges on the circular parts to be assembled, providing the axial force that holds the ends of the two cylinders together. The Marman clamp is an alternative to a bolted flange connection which would be heavier and require more labor to connect.
The connection between a pair of flanges is usually made with four or more bolts, though alternative mechanisms, such as a threaded collar, may be used where there is a need for rapid assembly and disassembly. [1] Dowel pins are sometimes used in addition to bolts, to ensure accurate alignment, particularly for very small waveguides.
Shear (and tension) loads can be transferred between two structural elements by either a bearing-type connection or a slip-critical connection. In a slip-critical connection, loads are transferred from one element to another through friction forces developed between the faying surfaces of the connection. These friction forces are generated by ...
Slip-critical connections are more common on flange plates for beam and column splices and moment critical connections. Bearing type connections are used in lightweight structures and in member connections where slip is not important and prevention of structural failure is the design constraint .