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The precise role of double-stranded (ds)RNA is still widely investigated as a central player in the Interferon System. Groups have found that positive-strand RNA viruses and dsRNA viruses produced significant amounts of dsRNA, but the precise methods mammalian cells leverage to distinguish between self vs. non-self dsRNA have yet to be uncovered.
A virus-infected cell releases viral particles that can infect nearby cells. However, the infected cell can protect neighboring cells against a potential infection of the virus by releasing interferons. In response to interferon, cells produce large amounts of an enzyme known as protein kinase R (PKR).
The type-I interferons (IFN) are cytokines which play essential roles in inflammation, immunoregulation, tumor cells recognition, and T-cell responses. In the human genome, a cluster of thirteen functional IFN genes is located at the 9p21.3 cytoband over approximately 400 kb including coding genes for IFNα (IFNA1, IFNA2, IFNA4, IFNA5, IFNA6, IFNA7, IFNA8, IFNA10, IFNA13, IFNA14, IFNA16 ...
Coronaviruses_229E,_B814_and_IBV.png (399 × 200 pixels, file size: 97 KB, MIME type: image/png) This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons . Information from its description page there is shown below.
Viral interference is considered the most common outcome of coinfection, or the simultaneous infection of a host by two or more distinct viruses. [5] The primary form of viral interference is known as superinfection exclusion, in which the initial infection stimulates a resistance to subsequent infection by related viruses.
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n/a Ensembl ENSG00000197919 n/a UniProt P01562 n/a RefSeq (mRNA) NM_024013 n/a RefSeq (protein) NP_076918 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 9: 21.44 – 21.44 Mb n/a PubMed search n/a Wikidata View/Edit Human Interferon alpha-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFNA1 gene. Leukocyte interferon is produced predominantly by B lymphocytes. Immune interferon (IFN-gamma ; MIM 147570) is produced ...