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  2. Data model (GIS) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_model_(GIS)

    A hybrid topological data model has the option of storing topological relationship information as a separate layer built on top of a spaghetti data set. An example is the network dataset within the Esri geodatabase. [23] Vector data are commonly used to represent conceptual objects (e.g., trees, buildings, counties), but they can also represent ...

  3. Geographic information science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_science

    Geographic information science (GIScience, GISc) or geoinformation science is a scientific discipline at the crossroads of computational science, social science, and natural science that studies geographic information, including how it represents phenomena in the real world, how it represents the way humans understand the world, and how it can be captured, organized, and analyzed.

  4. Data modeling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_modeling

    Data modeling in software engineering is the process of creating a data model for an information system by applying certain formal techniques.

  5. Modeling and simulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeling_and_simulation

    Modeling and simulation (M&S) is the use of models (e.g., physical, mathematical, behavioral, or logical representation of a system, entity, phenomenon, or process) as a basis for simulations to develop data utilized for managerial or technical decision making. [1] [2]

  6. Geologic modelling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_modelling

    The most widely used technique is kriging which uses the spatial correlation among data and intends to construct the interpolation via semi-variograms. To reproduce more realistic spatial variability and help assess spatial uncertainty between data, geostatistical simulation based on variograms, training images, or parametric geological objects ...

  7. Data analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_analysis

    Data collection or data gathering is the process of gathering and measuring information on targeted variables in an established system, which then enables one to answer relevant questions and evaluate outcomes. The data may also be collected from sensors in the environment, including traffic cameras, satellites, recording devices, etc.

  8. Common data model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_data_model

    A common data model (CDM) can refer to any standardised data model which allows for data and information exchange between different applications and data sources.Common data models aim to standardise logical infrastructure so that related applications can "operate on and share the same data", [1] and can be seen as a way to "organize data from many sources that are in different formats into a ...

  9. Cognitive geography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_geography

    Cognitive geography is an interdisciplinary study of cognitive science and geography.It aims to understand how humans view space, place, and environment. It involves formalizing factors that influence our spatial cognition to create a more effective representation of space.