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E-Four (short for Electrical 4WD System), [1] eFour, AWD-i, or AWD-e was developed by Toyota. Front wheels are powered directly by the hybrid powertrain, rear wheels are powered by a dedicated electric motor with its own power control unit, reduction gear and differential. Amount of torque transferred to the rear wheels is automatically ...
Electronically controlled brake (ECB) developed by Toyota Motor Corporation initially for its hybrid and Lexus models, is the world's first production brake-by-wire braking system. [1] The ECB went on sale in Japan in June 2001, [ 2 ] first appearing on the Toyota Estima hybrid (first generation), [ 3 ] and making its North American debut with ...
Brake-by-wire is used in most common hybrid and electric vehicles produced since 1998 including all Toyota, Ford, and General Motors Electric and hybrid models. The Toyota Synergy Drive and the Rav4 EV use a system where a modified ABS (antilock brake system) actuator is coupled with a special hydraulic brake master cylinder to create a ...
The only differences for 2025 are the badges, with a PHEV badge appearing on the rear and the plug-in RAV4 dropping the blue accents from its Toyota emblems. Both plug-in-hybrid systems carry over ...
The new, range-topping 2021 Toyota RAV4 Prime is flipping the script. For 2021, Toyota is looking to reclaim the performance high ground in the compact crossover segment with a plug-in hybrid.
Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management (VDIM) is an integrated vehicle handling and software control system developed by Toyota. It involves an omnibus computer linkage of traction control , electronic stability control , electronic steering , and other systems, with the intent of improving responsiveness to driver input, performance, and ...
The three main types of brake-by-wire systems are: electronic parking brakes which have, since the turn of the 21st century, become more common; electro-hydraulic brakes (EHB) which can be implemented alongside legacy hydraulic brakes and as of 2020 have found small-scale usage in the automotive industry; and electro-mechanical brakes (EMB ...
The following is a list of vehicles with Hybrid Synergy Drive and related technologies (Toyota Hybrid System): Toyota Prius. Generation 1: December 1997–October 2003; Generation 2: October 2003–late 2009; Generation 3: Late 2009–late 2015; Generation 4: Late 2015–2022; Generation 5: Early 2023-current; Toyota Estima Hybrid. June 2001 ...