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The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) lies in a unique position in the brain, with connections to both the “emotional” limbic system and the “cognitive” prefrontal cortex.
In this article, we will begin by exploring the anatomy of the cingulate gyrus. We will then explore the location, the different regions and their functions, and finally, discuss some of the clinical aspects of the region as it relates to neuropsychiatric disease.
In the human brain, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is the frontal part of the cingulate cortex that resembles a "collar" surrounding the frontal part of the corpus callosum. It consists of Brodmann areas 24, 32, and 33.
The frontal portion is termed the anterior cingulate gyrus (or cortex). A component of the limbic system, it is involved in processing emotions and behavior regulation. It also helps to regulate autonomic motor function.
The anterior cingulate gyrus is involved in a number of functions including emotional processing and vocalization of emotions. It has connections with speech and vocalization areas in the frontal lobes including Broca's area, which controls motor functions involved with speech production.
The perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (pACC) is mainly responsible for processing emotions and regulating the endocrine and autonomic responses to emotions. The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), often known as the midcingulate cortex, is thought to carry out cognitive processing, specifically reward-based decision-making.
The anterior cingulate cortex is responsible for a host of cognitive functions, including emotional expression, attention allocation, and mood regulation.
This Primer discusses a recent study showing that removal of the anterior cingulate cortex prevents monkeys from learning new actions that benefit others, but does not stop them from carrying out previously learned prosocial acts.
Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is an anatomically distinct subregion of ventromedial frontal cortex consisting of the cingulate sulcus and gyrus that lie dorsal to the corpus collosum and ventral to the superior frontal gyrus.
Notably this model, based on vicarious motivation and error processing, provides a unified account of neurophysiological and neuroimaging evi-dence that the ACCg is sensitive to costs, benefits, and errors during social interactions.