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Indian philosophy refers to ancient philosophical traditions (Sanskrit: dárśana; 'world views', 'teachings') [4] of the Indian subcontinent. Hinduism may have roots dating back to the times of the Indus Valley civilization. [5][6][7] The major orthodox schools arose sometime between the start of the Common Era and the Gupta Empire. [8]
Nyāya (the "Logic" school), a philosophy which focuses on logic and epistemology. It accepts four kinds of Pramā (valid presentation): (1) perception, (2) inference, (3) comparison or analogy, (4) word or testimony. [25] Nyāya defends a form of direct realism and a theory of substances (dravya).
Mind in eastern philosophy. A phrenological mapping [1] of the brain – phrenology was among the first attempts to correlate mental functions with specific parts of the brain although it is now largely discredited. The study of the mind in Eastern philosophy has parallels to the Western study of the Philosophy of mind as a branch of philosophy ...
Hinduism. Other Indian philosophies. v. t. e. Vedanta (/ veɪˈdɑːntə /; Sanskrit: वेदान्त, IAST: Vedānta), also known as Uttara Mīmāṃsā, is one of the six orthodox (āstika) traditions of textual exegesis and Hindu philosophy. The word "Vedanta" means "conclusion of the Vedas ", and encompasses the ideas that emerged ...
Advaita Vedānta, like all orthodox schools of Hindu philosophy, accepts as an epistemic premise that Śruti (Vedic literature) is a reliable source of knowledge. [68] [322] [323] The Śruti includes the four Vedas including its four layers of embedded texts – the Samhitas, the Brahmanas, the Aranyakas and the early Upanishads. [330]
e. Hindu philosophy or Vedic philosophy is the set of Indian philosophical systems that developed in tandem with the religion of Hinduism during the iron and classical ages of India. In Indian tradition, the word used for philosophy is Darshana (Sanskrit: दर्शन; meaning: "viewpoint or perspective"), from the Sanskrit root 'दृश ...
Nyaya (न्याय) is a Sanskrit word which means justice, equality for all being, specially a collection of general or universal rules. [1] In some contexts, it means model, axiom, plan, legal proceeding, judicial sentence, or judgment. Nyaya could also mean, "that which shows the way" tracing its Sanskrit etymology.
978-1-147-03379-3. Vedanta Philosophy: An address before the Graduate Philosophical Society is a lecture given by Swami Vivekananda on 25 March 1896 at the Graduate Philosophical Society of Harvard University. After this lecture, the university offered Vivekananda the chair of Eastern Philosophy. [ 1]