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The Atbash cipher is a particular type of monoalphabetic cipher formed by taking the alphabet (or abjad, syllabary, etc.) and mapping it to its reverse, so that the first letter becomes the last letter, the second letter becomes the second to last letter, and so on.
The Atbash Cipher was applied and out of "Sheshach" came the word "Babel". This is supposed to be confirmed by a reference to Jeremiah 51:41 , where Sheshach and Babylon are in parallel clauses. There seems to be no reason to doubt that Babylon is here intended by this name.
The simplest substitution ciphers are the Caesar cipher and Atbash cipher. Here single letters are substituted (referred to as simple substitution ). It can be demonstrated by writing out the alphabet twice, once in regular order and again with the letters shifted by some number of steps or reversed to represent the ciphertext alphabet (or ...
600-500 – Hebrew scholars make use of simple monoalphabetic substitution ciphers (such as the Atbash cipher) c. 400 – Spartan use of scytale (alleged) c. 400 – Herodotus reports use of steganography in reports to Greece from Persia (tattoo on shaved head) 100-1 A.D.- Notable Roman ciphers such as the Caesar cipher.
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All of the electromechanical machines used in World War II were of this logical class, as were the Caesar and Atbash ciphers and essentially all cipher systems throughout history. The 'key' for a code is, of course, the codebook, which must likewise be distributed and kept secret, and so shares most of the same problems in practice.
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Atbash: Replacing the first letter with the last letter of the Hebrew alphabet, the second with the next-to-last, and so on. א=ת, ב=ש, ג=ר, etc. Avgad : Replacing each letter with the subsequent letter.