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Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of at least three of the following five medical conditions: abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high serum triglycerides, and low serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Metabolic syndrome is associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. [1]
Different definitions of the cardiometabolic syndrome have been proposed by different public health organizations, but recently the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), the American Heart Association (AHA), and others proposed a definition for diagnosing the cardiometabolic syndrome that includes the presence of three out of the ...
[7] [clarification needed] An analysis from an earlier NHANES from 1988 to 1994 found people with NWO had a four-fold higher frequency of metabolic syndrome compared with the low body fat group. [8] In 2015 the overall presence in the general worldwide population was suggested to be about 20%, with European populations having the highest rate ...
A metabolic disorder is a disorder that negatively alters the body's processing and distribution of macronutrients, such as proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Metabolic disorders can happen when abnormal chemical reactions in the body alter the normal metabolic process . [ 3 ]
These conditions are collectively known as metabolic syndrome. [4] This close association between hyperinsulinemia and conditions of metabolic syndrome suggest related or common mechanisms of pathogenicity. [3] Hyperinsulinemia has been shown to "play a role in obese hypertension by increasing renal sodium retention". [3]
A fourth class of dual PPAR agonists, so-called glitazars, which bind to both the α and γ PPAR isoforms, are currently under active investigation for treatment of a larger subset of the symptoms of the metabolic syndrome. [4] [5] These include the experimental compounds aleglitazar, muraglitazar, oxeglitazar and tesaglitazar.
Cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic syndrome (CKM syndrome) is a multisystem disorder of the metabolic, renal and cardiovascular systems. [1] The interactions between metabolic risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity, with chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disorders lead to an increased mortality risk and significant impact on morbidity.
Initially titled "syndrome X", the constellation of symptoms is now known as the metabolic syndrome and an object of extensive scientific inquiry, especially given that the combination strongly predisposes for cardiovascular disease. Still, Reaven believes that contemporary criteria are arbitrary and that it may not be necessary to define it as ...