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The definition of the topical route of administration sometimes states that both the application location and the pharmacodynamic effect thereof is local. [3] In other cases, topical is defined as applied to a localized area of the body or to the surface of a body part regardless of the location of the effect.
Route of administration refers to the path a drug takes to enter the body, [10] whereas drug delivery also encompasses the engineering of delivery systems and can include different dosage forms and devices used to deliver a drug through the same route. [11] Common routes of administration include oral, parenteral (injected), sublingual, topical ...
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Pulmonary drug delivery is a route of administration in which patients use an inhaler to inhale their medications and drugs are absorbed into the bloodstream via the lung mucous membrane. This technique is most commonly used in the treatment of lung diseases, for example, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) .
Intravascular administration does not involve absorption, and there is no loss of drug. [4] The fastest route of absorption is inhalation. [5] Absorption is a primary focus in drug development and medicinal chemistry, since a drug must be absorbed before any medicinal effects can take place. Moreover, the drug's pharmacokinetic profile can be ...
This route allows molecules to be transported via the cell. Transcellular route transports the drug molecule into the bilayered lipid cells found in stratum corneum . Inside of the bilayered lipids in the stratum corneum is a water-soluble environment, and the drug molecules will diffuse through these bilayered lipids into deeper area of the skin.
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Buccal administration is a topical route of administration by which drugs held or applied in the buccal (/ ˈ b ʌ k əl /) area (in the cheek) diffuse through the oral mucosa (tissues which line the mouth) and enter directly into the bloodstream.