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Iodide from potassium iodide is converted to iodine in the first reaction: 2 I − + 2 H + + H 2 O 2 → I 2 + 2 H 2 O The iodine produced in the first reaction is reduced back to iodide by the reducing agent, cysteine. At the same time, cysteine is oxidized into cystine. 2 C 3 H 7 NO 2 S + I 2 → C 6 H 12 N 2 O 4 S 2 + 2 I − + 2 H +
Emergency 130 milligrams potassium iodide doses provide 100 mg iodide (the other 30 mg is the potassium in the compound), [17] which is roughly 700 times larger than the normal nutritional need (see recommended dietary allowance) for iodine, which is 150 micrograms (0.15 mg) of iodine (as iodide) per day for an adult.
Detonation velocity is the speed with which the detonation shock wave travels through the explosive. It is a key, directly measurable indicator of explosive performance, but depends on density which must always be specified, and may be too low if the test charge diameter is not large enough.
For example, in the molecules represented by CH 3 X, where X is a halide, the carbon-X bonds have strengths, or bond dissociation energies, of 115, 83.7, 72.1, and 57.6 kcal/mol for X = fluoride, chloride, bromide, and iodide, respectively. [2] Of the halides, iodide usually is the best leaving group.
Compared to the elemental form, potassium iodide has a median lethal dose (LD 50) that is relatively high in several animals: in rabbits, it is 10 g/kg; in rats, 14 g/kg, and in mice, 22 g/kg. [73] The tolerable upper intake level for iodine as established by the Food and Nutrition Board is 1,100 μg/day for adults. The safe upper limit of ...
As such, iodide is the best leaving group among the halogens, to such an extent that many organoiodine compounds turn yellow when stored over time due to decomposition into elemental iodine; as such, they are commonly used in organic synthesis, because of the easy formation and cleavage of the C–I bond. [22]
Both effects operate on different time scales. [14] Only the Wolff–Chaikoff effect is helpful to prevent the thyroid from uptaking radioactive iodine in the case of nuclear emergencies. Therefore, "plummering" with high-dose iodine is only effective in a short time window after the release of radionuclides. [ 15 ]
The iodide solution SSKI, a saturated solution of potassium (K) iodide in water, has been used to block absorption of the radioiodine (it has no effect on other radioisotopes from fission). Tablets containing potassium iodide are now also manufactured and stocked in central disaster sites by some governments for this purpose.