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Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) tests find the genetic material (DNA) of Chlamydia bacteria. These tests are the most sensitive tests available, meaning they are very accurate and are unlikely to have false-negative test results. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test is an example of a nucleic acid amplification test. This test can ...
The small genome of M. genitalium made it the organism of choice in The Minimal Genome Project, a study to find the smallest set of genetic material necessary to sustain life. [30] There is limited divergence among clinical strains of M. genitalium. All strains retain the small genome size. [31]
In some instances a disease can be carried with no symptoms, which leaves a greater risk of passing the disease on to others. Depending on the disease, some untreated STIs can lead to infertility, chronic pain or death. [12] The presence of an STI in prepubescent children may indicate sexual abuse. [13]
Upon infection and replication catalyzed by reverse transcriptase, recombination between the two genomes can occur. [81] [82] Recombination occurs as the single-strand, positive-sense RNA genomes are reverse transcribed to form DNA. During reverse transcription, the nascent DNA can switch multiple times between the two copies of the viral RNA.
Mutations of proteins such as DNA polymerase or DNA ligase can lead to impairment of replication and lead to spontaneous chromosomal exchanges. [5] Proteins such as Tel1 and Mec1 (ATR, ATM in humans) can detect single and double-stranded breaks and recruit factors such as Rmr3 helicase to stabilize the replication fork in order to prevent its ...
Gene duplications are an essential source of genetic novelty that can lead to evolutionary innovation. Duplication creates genetic redundancy, where the second copy of the gene is often free from selective pressure—that is, mutations of it have no deleterious effects to its host organism. If one copy of a gene experiences a mutation that ...
Traditional DNA analysis was largely limited to samples that contained genetic material from a couple of people, said Monica Ghannam, a forensic scientist who testified in the Caneiro hearing ...
Papillomaviridae is a family of non-enveloped DNA viruses whose members are known as papillomaviruses. [1] Several hundred species of papillomaviruses, traditionally referred to as "types", [2] have been identified infecting all carefully inspected mammals, [2] but also other vertebrates such as birds, snakes, turtles and fish.