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A topological insulator is a material whose interior behaves as an electrical insulator while its surface behaves as an electrical ... "Topological Insulators" (PDF).
The topological insulators and superconductors are classified here in ten symmetry classes (A,AII,AI,BDI,D,DIII,AII,CII,C,CI) named after Altland–Zirnbauer classification, defined here by the properties of the system with respect to three operators: the time-reversal operator , charge conjugation and chiral symmetry . The symmetry classes are ...
Stanene [1] [2] is a topological insulator, theoretically predicted by Shoucheng Zhang's group at Stanford, [further explanation needed] which may display dissipationless currents at its edges near room temperature. It is composed of tin atoms arranged in a single layer, in a manner similar to graphene. [3]
Bismuth subhalides, such as Bi 4 Br 4 and β-Bi 4 I 4, have been recently reported as topological insulators. [2] [3] Topological insulators have caught attention of physical inorganic chemists as well as condensed matter physicists due to the unique physicochemical properties emerging upon transition from bulk to surface states. [5]
Bismuth telluride is a well-studied topological insulator. Its physical properties have been shown to change at highly reduced thicknesses, when its conducting surface states are exposed and isolated. These thin samples are obtained through either epitaxy or mechanical exfoliation.
Typical examples include graphene, topological insulators, bismuth antimony thin films and some other novel nanomaterials, [1] [4] [5] in which the electronic energy and momentum have a linear dispersion relation such that the electronic band structure near the Fermi level takes the shape of an upper conical surface for the electrons and a ...
In a separate paper, Kane and Mele introduced a topological invariant which characterizes a state as trivial or non-trivial band insulator (regardless if the state exhibits or does not exhibit a quantum spin Hall effect). Further stability studies of the edge liquid through which conduction takes place in the quantum spin Hall state proved ...
Topological order in solid state systems has been studied in condensed matter physics since the discovery of integer quantum Hall effect.But topological matter attracted considerable interest from the physics community after the proposals for possible observation of symmetry-protected topological phases (or the so-called topological insulators) in graphene, [3] and experimental observation of ...