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Law of Indonesia is based on a civil law system, intermixed with local customary law and Dutch law.Before European presence and colonization began in the sixteenth century, indigenous kingdoms ruled the archipelago independently with their own custom laws, known as adat (unwritten, traditional rules still observed in the Indonesian society). [1]
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Artidjo Alkostar (22 May 1948 – 28 February 2021) was an Indonesian lawyer, judge and legal academic. He served as a Supreme Court Judge and Chairman of the Criminal Chamber of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia, where he was famous for his verdicts that tended to increase sentences for convicted corruption cases and the dissenting opinions he issued in several major cases. [1]
IKAHI was established in 1953 in order to defend the interests of Indonesian judges on topics such as salary and judicial independence from the executive branch. [3] The association's founding is credited to Suryadi, the third Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia, as he was the first person to begin organizing district judges in 1952. [4]
Al-Hakim is a central figure in the history of the Druze religious sect, whose eponymous founder ad-Darazi proclaimed him as the incarnation of God in 1018. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 24 ] Hamza ibn Ali ibn Ahmad is considered the founder of the Druze and the primary author of the Druze manuscripts, [ 39 ] he proclaimed that God had become human and taken ...
Adat muhakamah (عادت محكمة) – the term refers to traditional laws, commandments, and orders compiled into legal codes by rulers to maintain social order and harmony. The adat laws, often blended together with Islamic laws, were the main written legal reference for Malay societies since the classical era and commonly referred to as kanun.
Since failing explanations can always be burdened with ad hoc hypotheses to prevent them from being falsified, simpler theories are preferable to more complex ones because they tend to be more testable. [53] [54] [55] As a logical principle, Occam's razor would demand that scientists accept the simplest possible theoretical explanation for ...
Al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī (Arabic: الحكيم الترمذي; transl. The Sage of Termez), full name Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn Ali ibn al-Hasan ibn Bashir al-Tirmidhi (d. c. 869) was a Persian [3] [4] Sunni jurist (faqih) and traditionist (muhaddith) of Khorasan, but is mostly remembered as one of the great early authors of Sufism.