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  2. Gestalt psychology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestalt_psychology

    Gestalt psychology, gestaltism, or configurationism is a school of psychology and a theory of perception that emphasises the processing of entire patterns and ...

  3. Topdog vs. underdog - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topdog_vs._Underdog

    Topdog vs. underdog is a phrase coined by Fritz Perls, the father of Gestalt therapy, to describe a self-torture game that people play with themselves in order to avoid the anxiety that they encounter in their environment.

  4. Brand management - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brand_management

    In marketing, brand management is the control of how a brand is perceived in the market.Tangible elements of brand management include the look, price, and packaging of the product itself; intangible elements are the experiences that the target markets share with the brand, and the relationships they have with it.

  5. Zeigarnik effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeigarnik_effect

    Mazur, Elena, "The Zeigarnik Effect and the Concept of Unfinished Business in Gestalt Therapy", British Gestalt Journal, Vol.5, No.1, (1996), pp.18-23. Oyama, Yoshinori, Manalo, Emmanuel & Nakatan, Yoshihide (2018), "The Hemingway effect: How failing to finish a task can have a positive effect on motivation", Thinking Skills and Creativity.

  6. Gestalt theoretical psychotherapy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestalt_theoretical...

    Gestalt Theoretical Psychotherapy (GTP) is a method of psychotherapy based strictly on Gestalt psychology.Its origins go back to the 1920s when Gestalt psychology founder Max Wertheimer, Kurt Lewin and their colleagues and students started to apply the holistic and systems theoretical Gestalt psychology concepts in the field of psychopathology and clinical psychology.

  7. Field theory (psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_theory_(psychology)

    The concept first made its appearance in psychology with roots in the holistic perspective of Gestalt theories. It was developed by Kurt Lewin, a Gestalt psychologist, in the 1940s. Lewin's field theory can be expressed by a formula: B = f(p,e), meaning that behavior (B) is a function of the person (p) and their cultural environment (e). [1]

  8. Brand architecture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brand_architecture

    One may regard the designing of a brand architecture as an integrated process of brand building through establishing brand relationships among branding options in the competitive environment. [2] The brand architecture of an organization at any time is, in large measure, a legacy of past management decisions as well as of the competitive ...

  9. Shearing layers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shearing_layers

    A building properly conceived is several layers of longevity of built components" (quoted in (Brand, 1994)). The work of Duffy and DEGW identified four shearing layers (Duffy, 1992): Shell – the traditional structure of the building that might last for 30–50 years. Services – cabling, plumbing, aircon that needs replacing every 15 years.