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Juniper berries are a spice used in a wide variety of culinary dishes and are best known for the primary flavoring in gin (and responsible for gin's name, which is a shortening of the Dutch word for juniper, jenever). A juniper-based spirit is made by fermenting juniper berries and water to create a "wine" that is then distilled.
This juniper is largely dioecious, producing cones of only one sex, but around 2% of plants are monoecious, with both sexes on the same plant. [6] The California juniper is closely related to the Utah juniper (J. osteosperma) from further east, which shares the stout shoots and relatively large cones, but differs in that Utah juniper is largely ...
Juniperus communis, the common juniper, is a species of small tree or shrub in the cypress family Cupressaceae. An evergreen conifer , it has the largest geographical range of any woody plant , with a circumpolar distribution throughout the cool temperate Northern Hemisphere .
Utah juniper is an aromatic plant. Essential oil extracted from the trunk and limb is prominent in α-pinene, δ-3-carene, and cis-thujopsene. Essential oil extracted from the leaf is prominent in camphor and bornyl acetate. [ 11 ]
Juniperus scopulorum is a small evergreen tree that in favorable conditions may reach as much as 20 metres (66 feet) in height. [4] However, on sites with little water or intense sun it will only attain shrub height, and even those that reach tree size will more typically be 4.6–6.1 metres (15–20 feet) tall in open juniper woodlands. [5]
Juniperus occidentalis, known as the western juniper, is a shrub or tree native to the Western United States, growing in mountains at altitudes of 800–3,000 meters (2,600–9,800 ft) and rarely down to 100 m (330 ft).
Juniperus chinensis, the Chinese juniper, is a species of plant in the cypress family Cupressaceae, native to China, Myanmar, Japan, Korea and the Russian Far East. [1] Growing 1–20 metres ( 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 – 65 + 1 ⁄ 2 feet) tall, it is a very variable coniferous evergreen tree or shrub.
Juniperus conferta (shore juniper and blue pacific juniper) [2] is a species of juniper, native to Japan, where it grows on sand dunes. [3] It is often treated as a variety or subspecies of Juniperus rigida .