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A fasting blood sugar level of ≥ 7.0 mmol / L (126 mg/dL) is used in the general diagnosis of diabetes. [17] There are no clear guidelines for the diagnosis of LADA, but the criteria often used are that the patient should develop the disease in adulthood, not need insulin treatment for the first 6 months after diagnosis and have autoantibodies in the blood.
Multiple endocrine organs Various autoantibodies depending on the organs affected Confirmed 1 in 20,000 [77] Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 3 (APS3) Multiple endocrine organs Various autoantibodies depending on the organs affected Confirmed Rare [77] Diabetes mellitus type 1: Pancreas: Anti-insulin, anti-IA-2, anti-GAD, anti-ZnT8 antibodies
Diabetic neuropathy can affect any peripheral nerves including sensory neurons, motor neurons, and the autonomic nervous system. Therefore, diabetic neuropathy has the potential to affect essentially any organ system and can cause a range of symptoms. There are several distinct syndromes based on the organ systems affected. [citation needed]
Diabetes affects the blood vessels in the body, such as capillaries and arteries, which are the routes blood take to deliver nutrients and oxygen to the organs in the body. [4] By affecting the blood flow, diabetes increases the risk of other conditions such as strokes and heart disease (heart attacks). [ 2 ]
The immune response is impaired in individuals with diabetes mellitus. Cellular studies have shown that hyperglycemia both reduces the function of immune cells and increases inflammation. Respiratory infections such as pneumonia, influenza and COVID-19, [43] are more common and severe among individuals with poorly controlled diabetes.
Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is a group of common endocrine diseases characterized by sustained high blood sugar levels. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin , or the cells of the body becoming unresponsive to the hormone's effects. [ 12 ]