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Animal languages are forms of communication between animals that show similarities to human language. [1] Animals communicate through a variety of signs, such as sounds and movements.
The modeling of human language in animals is known as animal language research. In addition to the ape-language experiments mentioned above, there have also been more or less successful attempts to teach language or language-like behavior to some non-primate species, including parrots and great spotted woodpeckers.
Animal communication is a rapidly growing area of study in disciplines including animal behavior, sociology, neurology, and animal cognition. Many aspects of animal behavior, such as symbolic name use, emotional expression, learning, and sexual behavior , are being understood in new ways.
A critic of the ape language research organized a "Clever Hans" conference in 1980 trumpeting the Nim study and suggesting that scientists working on animal language were charlatans. [42] To Irene Pepperburg , a research associate who had been working with a parrot named Alex , the conference came as a wakeup call, pushing her to avoid claims ...
A talking animal or speaking animal is any non-human animal that can produce sounds or gestures resembling those of a human language. [1] Several species or groups of animals have developed forms of communication which superficially resemble verbal language, however, these usually are not considered a language because they lack one or more of the defining characteristics, e.g. grammar, syntax ...
Human–animal communication is the communication observed between humans and other animals, ranging from non-verbal cues and vocalizations to the use of language. [ 1 ] Some human–animal communication may be observed in casual circumstances, such as the interactions between pets and their owners, which can reflect a form of spoken, while not ...
An important area of study for animal culture is vocal learning, the ability to make new sounds through imitation. [4] Most species cannot learn to imitate sounds. Some can learn how to use innate vocalizations in new ways. Only a few species can learn new calls. [3]
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