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  2. Nigro protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigro_protocol

    Success of the preoperative regimen changed the paradigm of anal cancer treatment from surgical to non-surgical and was the advent of definitive chemoradiation (omitting surgery) being accepted as a standard-of-care for anal squamous cell carcinomas. Larger doses of radiation are used in modern chemoradiotherapy protocols versus the original ...

  3. Anal cancer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anal_cancer

    Anal cancer is a cancer which arises from the anus, the distal opening of the gastrointestinal tract. [1] Symptoms may include bleeding from the anus or a lump near the anus. [ 1 ] Other symptoms may include pain, itchiness, or discharge from the anus. [ 1 ]

  4. Abdominoperineal resection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdominoperineal_resection

    William Ernest Miles (1869–1947), an English surgeon first performed the surgery of removing the rectum in 1907. He assumed that the rectal cancer can spread in both upwards and downward directions, thus necessitating the removal of the entire rectum together with the anal sphincters, resulting in a permanent stoma by connecting the proximal end of the descending colon to the skin.

  5. HPV 'cures' are popping up online, but here's the truth about ...

    www.aol.com/hpv-cures-popping-online-heres...

    About 40 of more than 200 HPV strains can spread through anal, oral or vaginal sex. And a dozen of all strains cause cancer, according to the National Cancer Institute. These are most associated ...

  6. Radiation therapy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_therapy

    The lower bowel may be treated directly with radiation (treatment of rectal or anal cancer) or be exposed by radiation therapy to other pelvic structures (prostate, bladder, female genital tract). Typical symptoms are soreness, diarrhoea, and nausea. Nutritional interventions may be able to help with diarrhoea associated with radiotherapy. [25]

  7. List of unproven and disproven cancer treatments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unproven_and...

    Chaparral (or Larrea tridentata) – a plant used to make a herbal remedy which is sold as cancer treatment. Cancer Research UK state that: "We don't recommend that you take chaparral to treat or prevent any type of cancer." [67] Chlorella – a type of algae promoted for its health-giving properties, including a claimed ability to treat cancer ...

  8. Gastrointestinal cancer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_cancer

    Anal cancer may be a cause of constipation or tenesmus, or may be felt as a palpable mass, although it may occasionally present as an ulcerative form. [15]: 580 Anal cancer is investigated by biopsy and may be treated by surgery and radiotherapy, or with external beam radiotherapy and adjunctive chemotherapy. The five-year survival rate with ...

  9. Cancer treatment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_treatment

    Cancer treatments are a wide range of treatments available for the many different types of cancer, with each cancer type needing its own specific treatment. [1] Treatments can include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy including small-molecule drugs or monoclonal antibodies, [2] and PARP inhibitors such as olaparib. [3]