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Toad is a common name for certain frogs, especially of the family Bufonidae, that are characterized by dry, leathery skin, short legs, and large bumps covering the parotoid glands. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In popular culture ( folk taxonomy ), toads are associated with drier, rougher skin and more terrestrial habitats. [ 3 ]
Evolutionary selective adaptations are most likely to occur in native species having lived sympatrically with cane toads over longer periods of time. More importantly, this period of sympatric existence must correspond to many generations in the native species, in order for natural selection to have an effect on population genetics.
The toad is able to rapidly acclimate to the cold using physiological plasticity, though there is also evidence that more northerly populations of cane toads in the United States are better cold-adapted than more southerly populations. [46] These adaptations have allowed the cane toad to establish invasive populations across the world.
The common toad, European toad, or in Anglophone parts of Europe, simply the toad (Bufo bufo, from Latin bufo "toad"), is a toad found throughout most of Europe (with the exception of Ireland, Iceland, parts of Scandinavia, and some Mediterranean islands), in the western part of North Asia, and in a small portion of Northwest Africa.
New Jersey has 16 species of frogs and toads, 13 of which can and have been sighted in North Jersey. A guide to the frogs and toads of NJ: Species, habitats, range, and identifying features Skip ...
The American toad (Anaxyrus americanus) [3] is a common species of toad found throughout Canada and the eastern United States. It is divided into three subspecies: the eastern American toad (A. a. americanus), the dwarf American toad (A. a. charlesmithi) and the rare Hudson Bay toad (A. a. copei).
The western toad (Anaxyrus boreas) is a large toad species, between 5.6 and 13 cm (2.2 and 5.1 in) long, native to western North America. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] A. boreas is frequently encountered during the wet season on roads, or near water at other times.
The main adaptive characteristics noted have been long toe phalanges, more streamlined skulls, and large foot webs that make Bufo torrenticola better suited to life in torrential waters. [7] Early descriptions of Bufo torrenticola by Masafumi Matsui note that it lacks cranial crests, has limbs generally longer than Bufo bufo , and has a reduced ...