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Mukhwas is a colorful South Asian [1] after-meal snack used as a breath freshener. [2] As per Agamas, mukhwas forms one of the components of sixteen upcharas (offerings) to a deity in a Puja, the Hindu mode of worship or prayer. [3]
Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume native to Africa and tropical Asia and widely naturalized and cultivated. [2] Its English common names include monkey tamarind, velvet bean, Bengal velvet bean, Florida velvet bean, Mauritius velvet bean, Yokohama velvet bean, cowage, cowitch, lacuna bean, and Lyon bean. [2]
Mucuna is a genus of around 110 accepted species of vines and shrubs of the family Fabaceae: tribe Phaseoleae, typically found in tropical and subtropical forests in the Americas, sub-Saharan Africa, southern, southeastern, and eastern Asia, New Guinea, Australia, and the Pacific Islands.
Poppy seeds come from the poppy plant (Papaver somniferum), which people have turned to for centuries as the source of opium for pain relief and for ailments like cough and diarrhea.
The seed's oil is widely used for industrial purposes such as soap making, paints preparations and preparation of different types of emulsions. [13] The seed is used as bird food. As the seeds are so small, specialized bird feeders are manufactured for niger seed. In the United Kingdom the seeds attract finches and siskins. [14]
The fruits are ovoid some 10 cm (3.9 in) in diameter with a thick woody rind. Internally they contain 10–16 black seeds embedded in the fruit pulp. The seeds account for some 20% of the fruit weight. A typical tree produces 20 kg (44 lb) of seed/annum. The kernels make up 60–70% of the seed weight and contain 63% of pale yellow oil (mukherjee).
The seeds are called jamālgoṭa in Hindi, Marathi, and Urdu, and are well known for their toxicity (severe purgative effect). They are used to treat constipation after the seeds have undergone a traditional Ayurvedic detoxification process with cow's milk (godugdha). This is referred to as Śodhana, a general term for detoxification.
The seeds are used in Cantonese soup, [16] in Ayurveda preparations, and in traditional Chinese medicine. [ 12 ] Evidence from archaeobotany indicates that Euryale ferox was a frequently collected wild food source during the Neolithic period in the Yangtze region, with many finds from the sites of Kuahuqiao , Hemudu , and Tianluoshan. [ 17 ]