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Ciprofloxacin is used to treat a wide variety of infections, including infections of bones and joints, endocarditis, bacterial gastroenteritis, malignant otitis externa, bubonic plague, respiratory tract infections, cellulitis, urinary tract infections, prostatitis, anthrax, and chancroid.
Ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, has shown in vitro activity against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Quinolone antibiotics constitute a large group of broad-spectrum bacteriocidals that share a bicyclic core structure related to the substance 4-quinolone. [1] They are used in human and veterinary medicine to treat bacterial infections, as well as in animal husbandry, specifically poultry production.
[2] [3] The most common cause of otitis externa is bacterial. Risk factors for acute cases include swimming, minor trauma from cleaning, using hearing aids and ear plugs, and other skin problems, such as psoriasis and dermatitis. [2] [3] People with diabetes are at risk of a severe form of malignant otitis externa. [2]
Otitis externa, also known as swimmer's ear, is an inflammation (infectious or non-infectious) of the external auditory canal. [14] Risk factors include retained water in the outer ear, particularly due to swimming, humidity, trauma or external devices, dermatologic conditions, or scratching the ear canal that may lead to bacterial growth.
It is a type of otitis externa. [2] Without treatment it can lead to narrowing of the ear canal. [1] A number of treatment options exist including putting vinegar in the ear, using antibiotic drops, and surgery. [1]
Backbone structure of a carbapenem. Carbapenems are a class of very effective antibiotic agents most commonly used for treatment of severe bacterial infections.This class of antibiotics is usually reserved for known or suspected multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections.
This means that individual antibiotics that used to be effective are no longer effective, [1] and because of the absence of new classes of antibiotic, they allow old antibiotics to be continue to be used. [2] In particular, they may be required to treat multiresistant organisms, [1] [2] such as carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. [3]