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Cognitive appraisal (also called simply 'appraisal') is the subjective interpretation made by an individual to stimuli in the environment. It is a component in a variety of theories relating to stress , mental health , coping , and emotion .
Cognitive evaluation theory (CET) [1] is a theory in psychology that is designed to explain the effects of external consequences on internal motivation.Specifically, CET is a sub-theory of self-determination theory that focuses on competence and autonomy while examining how intrinsic motivation is affected by external forces in a process known as motivational "crowding out."
Dating back to the 1940s and 1950s, Magda Arnold took an interest in researching the appraisal of emotions accompanying general arousal. Specifically, Arnold wanted to "introduce the idea of emotion differentiation by postulating that emotions such as fear, anger, and excitement could be distinguished by different excitatory phenomena" (Arnold, 1950). [5]
Emotion perception refers to the capacities and abilities of recognizing and identifying emotions in others, in addition to biological and physiological processes involved. . Emotions are typically viewed as having three components: subjective experience, physical changes, and cognitive appraisal; emotion perception is the ability to make accurate decisions about another's subjective ...
Others suggest emotion is a result of an anticipated, experienced, or imagined outcome of an adaptational transaction between organism and environment, therefore cognitive appraisal processes are keys to the development and expression of an emotion (Lazarus, 1982).
The first period, from 1987 to 1999, was a pioneering time when cognitive theories began to be applied to the scientific analysis of emotion. The second period, from 2000 to 2007, had a marked increase in the number of empirical research papers, many of which were concerned with automatic processing biases and their implications for clinical ...
Cognitive theories of emotion emphasize that emotions are shaped by how individuals interpret and appraise situations. These theories highlight: The role of cognitive appraisals in evaluating the significance of events. The subjectivity of emotions and the influence of individual differences. The cognitive labeling of emotional experiences.
Earlier tradition in the study of human emotion can be broadly divided into two, namely appraisal and basic emotion approach. The appraisal tradition views emotion as a short-lived experience that involves cognitive appraisal as its defining feature, [4] while the basic emotion approach believes that there are exclusive categories in emotional ...