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The physiology of underwater diving is the physiological adaptations to diving of air-breathing vertebrates that have returned to the ocean from terrestrial lineages. They are a diverse group that include sea snakes, sea turtles, the marine iguana, saltwater crocodiles, penguins, pinnipeds, cetaceans, sea otters, manatees and dugongs.
Water forms the ocean, produces the high density fluid environment and greatly affects the oceanic organisms. Sea water produces buoyancy and provides support for plants and animals. That's the reason why in the ocean organisms can be that huge like the blue whale and macrophytes. And the densities or rigidities of the oceanic organisms are ...
Secondary aquatic adaptations tend to develop in early speciation as the animal ventures into water in order to find available food. As successive generations spend more time in the water, natural selection causes the acquisition of more adaptations. Animals of later generations may spend most their life in the water, coming ashore for mating.
The biologist Stephen Jay Gould said the ichthyosaur was his favourite example of convergent evolution. [34] The earliest marine reptiles arose in the Permian . During the Mesozoic many groups of reptiles became adapted to life in the seas, including ichthyosaurs , plesiosaurs , mosasaurs , nothosaurs , placodonts , sea turtles , thalattosaurs ...
Sea turtles are largely solitary animals, though some do form large, though often loosely connected groups during nesting season. Although only seven turtle species are truly marine, many more dwell in brackish waters. [1] [6] Sea snakes: the most abundant of the marine reptiles, there are over 60 different species of sea snakes.
Common adaptations fish may have include sensitive eyes and huge jaws for enhanced and opportunistic feeding. [30] Fish are also generally small to reduce the energy requirement for growth and muscle formation. [16] Other feeding adaptations include jaws that can unhinge, elastic throats, and massive, long teeth. [16]
Examples are: Some breeds of dog swim recreationally. Umbra, a world record-holding dog, can swim 4 miles (6.4 km) in 73 minutes, placing her in the top 25% in human long-distance swimming competitions. [35] The fishing cat is one wild species of cat that has evolved special adaptations for an aquatic or semi-aquatic lifestyle – webbed digits ...
Oceanic nekton comprises aquatic animals largely from three clades: Vertebrates (phylum Chordata), particularly pelagic fish, cetaceans and sea turtles, form the largest contribution; these animals have endoskeletons made of bones and cartilages and propel themselves via a powerful tail and fan/paddle-shaped appendages such as fins, flippers or ...