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Environmental justice is also discussed as environmental racism or environmental inequality. [10] Environmental justice is typically defined as distributive justice, which is the equitable distribution of environmental risks and benefits. [11] Some definitions address procedural justice, which is the fair and meaningful participation in ...
Distributive justice in an environmental context is the equitable distribution of a society's technological and environmental risks, impacts, and benefits. These burdens include exposure to hazardous waste, land appropriation, armed violence, and murder.
Ecological distribution conflicts have given rise to many environmental justice movements around the globe. Environmental justice scholars conclude that these conflicts are a force for sustainability. [18] [13] These scholars study the dynamics that drive these conflicts towards an environmental justice success or a failure.
“The environmental justice movement had worked for years to bring these issues to the federal government, and it really began to provide a more equitable way of looking at the distribution of ...
Climate justice is a type of environmental justice [1] that focuses on the unequal impacts of climate change on marginalized or otherwise vulnerable populations. [2] Climate justice seeks to achieve an equitable distribution of both the burdens of climate change and the efforts to mitigate climate change . [ 3 ]
Resource justice (also referred to as "resource equity" or "resource governance") is a term in environmentalism and in environmental ethics.It combines elements of distributive justice and environmental justice and is based on the observation that many countries rich in natural resources such as minerals and other raw materials nevertheless experience high levels of poverty (resource curse).
The study of justice has often been defined by the theories of John Rawls. Justice theory has focused on the principles by which to distribute goods in a society. The defining arguments of the environmental justice movement were about patterns that violated some of these distributive principles of justice theory.
Justice in relations between states, and between individuals across state borders was put aside as a secondary issue or left to international relations theorists. [ 8 ] Since the First World War , however, the state system has been transformed by globalization and by the creation of supranational political and economic institutions such as the ...