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Bethanechol is a parasympathomimetic choline carbamate that selectively stimulates muscarinic receptors without any effect on nicotinic receptors. Unlike acetylcholine , bethanechol is not hydrolyzed by cholinesterase and will therefore have a long duration of action.
Bethanechol +++--Used in bladder and gastrointestinal hypotonia. Muscarine +++--Natural alkaloid found in certain mushrooms. Cause of one form of mushroom poisoning Nicotine-+++-Natural alkaloid found in the tobacco plant. Pilocarpine ++--Used in glaucoma. Oxotremorine ++ + [12]-Used in research to induce symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
Despite the fact that the drug had not been studied in this age group, a multitude of OTC preparations containing carbinoxamine were being marketed for infants and toddlers. At present, all carbinoxamine-containing formulations are approved only for adults or children ages 3 or older. [2]
Side effects include urinary retention, dry mouth, blurred vision; Glycopyrrolate: Quaternary ammonium compound; Does not cross blood-brain barrier; Hyperhidrosis. Reduce rate of sweating by blocking parasympathetic receptors in the central nervous system, smooth muscle, and sweat glands [8] First drug approved by FDA in 2018 for hyperhidrosis [11]
"Anti-cholinergic" side-effects, including urinary hesitancy/retention, may be treated/reversed with bethanechol and/or other acetylcholine-agonists. [48] [49] [50] Bethanechol may also be able to alleviate the sexual-dysfunction symptoms which may occur in the context of tricyclic-antidepressant treatment. [51] [52] [53]
Bethanechol is a muscarinic agonist.It is included in the therapy for underactive bladder with poor contraction of detrusor muscle. [2] Since contraction of detrusor muscle in the bladder is controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system, Bethanechol can bind to muscarinic receptors to stimulate activation of the parasympathetic nervous system and restore contraction of detrusor muscle.
Trihexyphenidyl (THP, benzhexol, trihex, marketed as Artane and others) is an antispasmodic drug used to treat stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control. It is an agent of the antimuscarinic class and is often used in management of Parkinson's disease.
bethanechol – stimulates bladder contractions, tranquilizer, makes the patient feel no pain; bexagliflozin - oral antidiabetic medication; bupivacaine – local anesthetic primarily utilized pre- and post-operatively; buprenorphine – narcotic for pain relief in cats after surgery