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XYY syndrome, also known as Jacobs syndrome, is an aneuploid genetic condition in which a male has an extra Y chromosome. [1] There are usually few symptoms. [2] These may include being taller than average and an increased risk of learning disabilities. [1] [2] The person is generally otherwise normal, including typical rates of fertility. [1]
Despite her work being on XXY syndrome, the XYY syndrome is instead sometimes called Jacobs syndrome: [6] After it had been incidentally discovered by Avery Sandberg in 1961, [7] the syndrome was also found in a chromosome survey of 315 men at a hospital for developmentally disabled, made by Jacobs and hence considered the first little research ...
In a three-part series on the XYY syndrome published in April 1968, The New York Times presented Jacobs's unsubstantiated theory associating the syndrome with violent behavior as an established fact, and noted that the karyotype had been cited as a mitigating factor by attorneys defending an XYY man charged with murder in Paris, [34] [35] and ...
In most mammals, sex is determined by presence of the Y chromosome. This makes individuals with XXY and XYY karyotypes males, and individuals with X and XXX karyotypes females. [1] In the 1930s, Alfred Jost determined that the presence of testosterone was required for Wolffian duct development in the male rabbit. [6]
48,XXYY syndrome is a condition related to the X and Y chromosomes (the sex chromosomes). People normally have 46 chromosomes in each cell.Two of the 46 chromosomes, known as X and Y, are called sex chromosomes because they help determine whether a person will develop male or female sex characteristics.
A comparison between a typical normalized M cone's spectral sensitivity and the CIE 1931 luminosity function for a standard observer in photopic vision. In the CIE 1931 model, Y is the luminance, Z is quasi-equal to blue (of CIE RGB), and X is a mix of the three CIE RGB curves chosen to be nonnegative (see § Definition of the CIE XYZ color space).
Unfortunately, many science and medicine textbooks quickly and uncritically incorporated the initial, incorrect assumptions about XYY and aggression—including psychology textbooks on aggression. [6] The XYY genotype first gained wide notoriety in 1968 when it was raised as a part of a defense in two murder trials in Australia and France.
[16] 49,XXXYY was one of the later sex chromosome aneuploidies to be discovered, being preceded by Turner, [17] Klinefelter, [18] and trisomy X [19] in 1959, XXYY syndrome in 1960, [20] and XYY [21] and tetrasomy X [22] in 1961. The 49,XXXYY karyotype was not reported again until 1974, highlighting the rarity of the syndrome. [23]