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Kepler's heliocentric rendition of the cosmos, containing an outermost "sphaera stellar fixar," or sphere of fixed stars. In astronomy , the fixed stars ( Latin : stellae fixae ) are the luminary points, mainly stars , that appear not to move relative to one another against the darkness of the night sky in the background.
A star is a massive luminous spheroid astronomical object made of plasma that is held together by its own gravity.Stars exhibit great diversity in their properties (such as mass, volume, velocity, stage in stellar evolution, and distance from Earth) and some of the outliers are so disproportionate in comparison with the general population that they are considered extreme.
In this map of the Observable Universe, objects appear enlarged to show their shape. From left to right celestial bodies are arranged according to their proximity to the Earth. This horizontal (distance to Earth) scale is logarithmic.
The known 131 objects are bound in 94 stellar systems. Of those, 103 are main sequence stars : 80 red dwarfs and 23 "typical" stars having greater mass. Additionally, astronomers have found 6 white dwarfs (stars that have exhausted all fusible hydrogen), 21 brown dwarfs, as well as 1 sub-brown dwarf, WISE 0855−0714 (possibly a rogue planet ).
the brightest stellar event in recorded history (7200 light-years away) [38] −6.80: Alpha Centauri A: seen from Proxima Centauri b [39] −6.00: The total integrated magnitude of the night sky (incl. airglow) seen from Earth measuring about 0.002 lux −6.00: Crab Supernova of 1054: seen from Earth (6500 light-years away) [40] −5.90 ...
Note that the brighter the star, the smaller the magnitude: Bright "first magnitude" stars are "1st-class" stars, while stars barely visible to the naked eye are "sixth magnitude" or "6th-class". The system was a simple delineation of stellar brightness into six distinct groups but made no allowance for the variations in brightness within a group.
An illustration of the constellation Perseus (after Perseus from Greek mythology) from the star atlas published by the Polish astronomer Johannes Hevelius in 1690. A star catalogue is an astronomical catalogue that lists stars.
A celestial map by the Dutch cartographer Frederik de Wit, 1670. A star chart is a celestial map of the night sky with astronomical objects laid out on a grid system. They are used to identify and locate constellations, stars, nebulae, galaxies, and planets. [1]