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Between 1995 and 2021 Estonian exports to Russia rose an average of 5.75% p.a. with Russian exports rising by an average of 9.31% p.a. in the same period. [123] Decisions taken by Estonia and EU sanctions, following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, have reduced the level of trade by 2023, especially imports by Estonia of Russian energy goods.
The occupation of the Baltic states was a period of annexation of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania by the Soviet Union from 1940 until its dissolution in 1991.For a brief period, Nazi Germany occupied the Baltic states after it invaded the Soviet Union in 1941.
The Germans demanded that Lithuania give up the Klaipėda region (Memelland), or the Wehrmacht would invade Lithuania. 23 August 1939, Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact (Nazi-Soviet Alliance) signed. A secret protocol of the pact places Estonia, Latvia, and Finland in Soviet sphere of interest, Lithuania in Germany's
Soviet expansion in 1939–1940. After the Soviet invasion of Poland on 17 September 1939, in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact the Soviet forces were given freedom over Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia, an important aspect of the agreement to the Soviet government as they were afraid of Germany using the three states as a corridor to get close to Leningrad.
Estonia won the Estonian War of Independence against both Soviet Russia and the German Freikorps and Baltische Landeswehr volunteers. Independence was secured with the Tartu Peace Treaty, signed on 2 February 1920. The first Estonian constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 15 April 1920.
Estonia declared independence on 24 February 1918. After a brief German occupation in World War I, Estonia regained independence and was subsequently invaded by the Red Army. A series of conflicts followed: 1918–1920, Russian Civil War (1917–1922); 1918–1920, the Estonian War of Independence. 1918–1920, war between Estonia and the ...
The Estonian War of Independence, [c] also known as the Estonian Liberation War, was a defensive campaign of the Estonian Army and its allies, most notably the United Kingdom, against the Soviet Russian westward offensive of 1918–1919 and the 1919 aggression of the pro–German Baltische Landeswehr.
During the Great Northern War, Peter the Great of Russia launched another invasion of Estonia in 1700. By the time of the Great Northern War, many Estonians were loyal to the Swedish crown, with up to 20,000 fighting to defend Estonia against Russian invasion. [115]