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An electron transport chain (ETC [1]) is a series of protein complexes and other molecules which transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H + ions) across a membrane.
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The chain of redox reactions driving the flow of electrons through the electron transport chain, from electron donors such as NADH to electron acceptors such as oxygen and hydrogen (protons), is an exergonic process – it releases energy, whereas the synthesis of ATP is an endergonic process, which requires an input of energy.
English: Diagram of the electron transport chain in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Compared to the original this version has: Corrected stoichiometry, Cytochrome C is no longer inside the membrane, Complex II is now transmembrane, added electrons.
Illustration of the electron transport chain and the citric acid cycle in the mitochondria Catalan Il·lustració de la cadena de transport d'electrons al mitocondri
Electron transport chain zh tw.svg ETC Electron transport chain-es.jpg Corrected stoichiometry, Cytochrome C is no longer inside the membrane, Complex II is now transmembrane, added electrons
The other electron, which was transferred to the b L heme, is used to reduce the b H heme, which in turn transfers the electron to the ubiquinone bound at the Q i site. The movement of this electron is energetically unfavourable, as the electron is moving towards the negatively charged side of the membrane.
Fig. 3 Energy diagram for Electron Transfer including inner and outer sphere reorganization and electronic coupling: The vertical axis is the free energy, and the horizontal axis is the "reaction coordinate" – a simplified axis representing the motion of all the atomic nuclei (including solvent reorganization)