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Kolb's learning style is explained on the basis of two dimensions: they are how a person understands and processes the information. This perceived information is then classified as concrete experience or abstract conceptualization, and processed information as active experimentation or reflective observation. [4]
These theorists have proposed sensory and activity-based learning methods. It was Kolb and Fry who were able to develop a methodology for experiential learning that involves concrete experience, observation and reflection, forming abstract concepts, and testing in new situations. [4]
Kolb's cycle of learning. Concrete Experience (CE): Full and unbiased involvement in learning experience; Reflective Observation (RO): Contemplation of one's experiences from various perspectives; Abstract Conceptualization (AC): Idea formulation and integration; Active Experiment (AE): Incorporation of new ideas into action; Kolb's learning ...
Kolb breaks down this learning cycle into four stages: concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation. Children observe new situations, think about the situation, make meaning of the situation, then test that meaning in the world around them.
Kolb integrated this learning cycle with a theory of learning styles, wherein each style prefers two of the four parts of the cycle. The cycle is quadrisected by a horizontal and vertical axis. The vertical axis represents how knowledge can be grasped, through concrete experience or through abstract conceptualization , or by a combination of both.
Assimilator = Abstract Conceptualization + Reflective Observation: strong in inductive reasoning and creation of theories (e.g., philosophers) Kolb's model gave rise to the Learning Style Inventory, an assessment method used to determine an individual's learning style.
In the early 1970s, Kolb and Ron Fry (now both at the Weatherhead School of Management) developed the Experiential Learning Model (ELM), [2] composed of four elements: concrete experience, observation of and reflection on that experience, formation of abstract concepts based upon the reflection, testing the new concepts, (repeat).
According to Kolb, knowledge is continuously gained through both personal and environmental experiences. [17] Kolb states that in order to gain genuine knowledge from an experience, the learner must have four abilities: The learner must be willing to be actively involved in the experience; The learner must be able to reflect on the experience;