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The final release date of the JPA 1.0 specification was 11 May 2006 as part of Java Community Process JSR 220. The JPA 2.0 specification was released 10 December 2009 (the Java EE 6 platform requires JPA 2.0 [2]). The JPA 2.1 specification was released 22 April 2013 (the Java EE 7 platform requires JPA 2.1 [3]). The JPA 2.2 specification was ...
The Jakarta Persistence Query Language (JPQL; formerly Java Persistence Query Language) is a platform-independent object-oriented query language [1]: 284, §12 defined as part of the Jakarta Persistence (JPA; formerly Java Persistence API) specification. JPQL is used to make queries against entities stored in a relational database.
OpenJPA is an open source implementation of the Java Persistence API specification. It is an object-relational mapping (ORM) solution for the Java language, which simplifies storing objects in databases. It is open-source software distributed under the Apache License 2.0.
There are provided facilities to arrange one-to-many and many-to-many relationships between classes. [ 2 ] : 140–171 In addition to managing associations between objects, Hibernate can also manage reflexive associations wherein an object has a one-to-many relationship with other instances of the class type .
A one-to-many relationship is not a property of the data, but rather of the relationship itself. One-to-many often refer to a primary key to foreign key relationship between two tables, where the record in the first table can relate to multiple records in the second table. A foreign key is one side of the relationship that shows a row or ...
Jakarta Connectors (JCA; formerly known as Java EE Connector Architecture and J2EE Connector Architecture) are a set of Java programming language tools designed for connecting application servers and enterprise information systems (EIS) as a part of enterprise application integration (EAI). While JDBC is specifically used to establish ...
For example, think of A as Authors, and B as Books. An Author can write several Books, and a Book can be written by several Authors. In a relational database management system, such relationships are usually implemented by means of an associative table (also known as join table, junction table or cross-reference table), say, AB with two one-to-many relationships A → AB and B → AB.
One of the arguments against using an OODBMS is that it may not be able to execute ad-hoc, application-independent queries. [ citation needed ] For this reason, many programmers find themselves more at home with an object-SQL mapping system, even though most object-oriented databases are able to process SQL queries to a limited extent.