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The Tupolev Tu-4, a Soviet bomber built by reverse engineering captured Boeing B-29 Superfortresses. Reverse engineering (also known as backwards engineering or back engineering) is a process or method through which one attempts to understand through deductive reasoning how a previously made device, process, system, or piece of software accomplishes a task with very little (if any) insight ...
An appellate court may also vacate its own decisions. Rules of procedure may allow vacatur either at the request of a party (a motion to vacate) or sua sponte (at the court's initiative). [1] A vacated judgment may free the parties to civil litigation to re-litigate the issues subject to the vacated judgment.
[Overchoice takes place when] the advantages of diversity and individualization are canceled by the complexity of buyer's decision-making process. — From Alvin Toffler , Future Shock , 1971 Overchoice or choice overload [ 1 ] is the paradoxical phenomenon that choosing between a large variety of options can be detrimental to decision making ...
The rarely granted intervention permits the judge to exercise discretion to avoid extreme and unreasonable jury decisions. In civil cases in U.S. federal court, the term was replaced in 1991 by the renewed judgment as a matter of law , which emphasizes its relationship to the judgment as a matter of law , formerly called a directed verdict .
The difference is that optimization problems involve one decision maker who chooses what to do at each point of time. In contrast, game theory problems involve the interacting decision of several players. In this situation, it may still be possible to apply a generalization of backward induction, since it may be possible to determine what the ...
Despite his recent decision to recuse himself from Eastman’s appeal, Thomas is unlikely to step back from either the Jack Smith request or Trump’s eventual appeal of the decision in Colorado ...
This can be contrasted with zero-based decision-making (see Slippery slope). Attribution asymmetry: People tend to attribute their own success to internal factors, including abilities and talents, but explain their failures in terms of external factors such as bad luck. The reverse bias is shown when people explain others' success or failure.
The Supreme Court of Japan, which has a total of fifteen justices, ordinarily hears cases in panels of five judges, but is required to hear cases en banc (by the "Grand Bench", 大法廷 daihōtei) when ruling on most constitutional issues, when overturning a previous decision of the Supreme Court, when the five-judge panel is unable to reach a ...