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Top–down methods were favored in software engineering until the late 1980s, [2] [failed verification] and object-oriented programming assisted in demonstrating the idea that both aspects of top-down and bottom-up programming could be used. Modern software design approaches usually combine top–down and bottom–up approaches. Although an ...
Top-down vs bottom-up proteomics. Top-down proteomics is a method of protein identification that either uses an ion trapping mass spectrometer to store an isolated protein ion for mass measurement and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis [1] [2] or other protein purification methods such as two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in conjunction with MS/MS. [3] Top-down proteomics is capable ...
In approaching a systems biology problem there are two main approaches. These are the top down and bottom up approach. The top down approach takes as much of the system into account as possible and relies largely on experimental results. The RNA-Seq technique is an example of an experimental top down approach. Conversely, the bottom up approach ...
Bottom-up parsing, a computer science strategy; Bottom-up processing, in Pattern recognition (psychology) Bottom-up theories of galaxy formation and evolution; Bottom-up tree automaton, in data structures; Bottom-up integration testing, in software testing; Top-down and bottom-up design, strategies of information processing and knowledge ordering
Top-down and bottom-up design of information ordering; Top-down parsing, a parsing strategy beginning at the highest level of the parse tree Top-down parsing language, an analytic formal grammar to study top-down parsers; Top-down perspective, a camera angle in computer and video games; Top-down shooter, a subgenre of video games
There is limited protein sequence coverage by identified peptides, loss of labile PTMs, and ambiguity of the origin for redundant peptide sequences. [7] Recently the combination of bottom-up and top-down proteomics, so called middle-down proteomics, is receiving a lot of attention as this approach not only can be applied to the analysis of large protein fragments but also avoids redundant ...
Investors using fundamental analysis can use either a top-down or bottom-up approach. The top-down investor starts their analysis with global economics, including both international and national economic indicators. These may include GDP growth rates, inflation, interest rates, exchange rates, productivity, and energy prices. They subsequently ...
Agglomerative: This is a "bottom-up" approach: Each observation starts in its own cluster, and pairs of clusters are merged as one moves up the hierarchy. Divisive: This is a "top-down" approach: All observations start in one cluster, and splits are performed recursively as one moves down the hierarchy.