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চলিতভাষা Chôlitôbhasha, a colloquial form of Bengali using simplified inflections. সাধুভাষা Sadhubhasha, a formal and genteel form of Bengali. [44] [45] In 1948, the government of Pakistan tried to impose Urdu as the sole state language in Pakistan, giving rise to the Bengali language movement. [46]
Bengali punctuation marks, apart from the downstroke দাড়ি dari (।), the Bengali equivalent of a full stop, have been adopted from western scripts and their usage is similar: Commas, semicolons, colons, quotation marks, etc. are the same as in English. Capital letters are absent in the Bengali script so proper names are unmarked.
Various forms of the language are in use today and provide an important force for Bengali cohesion. These distinct forms can be sorted into three categories. The first is Classical Bengali ( সাধু ভাষা Śadhu Bhaśa ), which was a historical form restricted to literary usage up until the late British period.
Bengali personal pronouns are somewhat similar to English pronouns, having different words for first, second, and third person, and also for singular and plural (unlike for verbs, below). Bengali pronouns do not differentiate for gender; that is, the same pronoun may be used for "he" or "she".
The people of ancient Bengal initially spoke a Prakrit language, which was known as Magadhi, or on the contrary, Gaudi. [4] Later, it evolved into Old Bengali. Most Bengali-speaking people today consider Old Bengali to be intelligible to a certain extent, although most of the words most commonly used in modern Bengali have their roots in Old ...
Old Bengali was the earliest recorded form of the Bengali language, spoken in the Bengal region of eastern Indian subcontinent during the Middle Ages. It developed from a Apabhraṃśa of Magadhi Prakrit around 650 AD, and the first Bengali literary works date from the 8th century.
Arabic has also influenced the Bengali language greatly, [11] thus it is not uncommon to hear Arabic terminology in Bangladeshi speeches and rallies. One example of this is the 7 March Speech of Bangabandhu , which makes mention of Inshallah ('God-willing') towards the end, in addition to the many Arabic-origin Bengali words used.
Scholars at the Bangla Akademi work to promote the Bengali language in various ways. They are doing research on spelling, grammar and the origin and development of Bengali. They are publishing works by prominent writers in the language. They have built a large library to preserve original manuscripts.