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The Warburg effect has been much studied, but its precise nature remains unclear, which hampers the beginning of any work that would explore its therapeutic potential. [7] Otto Warburg postulated this change in metabolism is the fundamental cause of cancer, [8] a claim now known as the Warburg hypothesis.
Scientist Otto Warburg, whose research activities led to the formulation of the Warburg hypothesis for explaining the root cause of cancer.. The Warburg hypothesis (/ ˈ v ɑːr b ʊər ɡ /), sometimes known as the Warburg theory of cancer, postulates that the driver of carcinogenesis (cancer formation) is insufficient cellular respiration caused by insult (damage) to mitochondria. [1]
The "Warburg effect" was later coined to describe this metabolic shift. [6] Warburg thought this change in metabolism was due to mitochondrial "respiration injury", but this interpretation was questioned by other researchers in 1956 showing that intact and functional cytochromes detected in most tumor cells clearly speak against a general ...
Although the link between the cancer and metabolism was observed in the early days of cancer research by Otto Heinrich Warburg, [3] which is also known as Warburg hypothesis, not much substantial research was carried out until the late 1990s because of the lack of in vitro tumor models and the difficulty in creating environments that lack ...
The inversion to the Warburg effect is a corollary to the Warburg hypothesis or Warburg effect that was discovered in obesity. Warburg's hypothesis suggests that tumor cells proliferate quickly and aggressively by obtaining energy or ATP, through high glucose consumption and lactate production. [1]
In 1920 Otto Warburg observed that certain cancerous tumors display a metabolic shift towards glycolysis. This is referred to as the "Warburg effect", in which cancer cells produce energy via the conversion of glucose into lactate, even in the presence of oxygen (aerobic glycolysis). Despite nearly a century since it was first described, a lot ...
[27] [28] There are many works that sustain that cancer is a metabolic disease. [29] [30] This research approach has contributed to a better understanding of cancer metabolism, providing a foundation for developing new, metabolism-targeted therapies that could complement existing treatments and help overcome drug resistance in various cancers. [31]
A particular change in metabolism, historically known as the Warburg effect [3] results in high rates of glycolysis in both normoxic and hypoxic cancer cells. Expression of genes responsible for glycolytic enzymes and glucose transporters are enhanced by numerous oncogenes including RAS, SRC, and MYC.