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Michael James Harner (April 27, 1929 – February 3, 2018) was an American anthropologist, educator and author. His 1980 book, The Way of the Shaman: a Guide to Power and Healing, [1] has been foundational in the development and popularization of core shamanism as a New Age path of personal development for adherents of neoshamanism. [2]
The Archaeology of Shamanism is an academic anthology edited by the English archaeologist Neil Price which was first published by Routledge in 2001. Containing fourteen separate papers produced by various scholars working in the disciplines of archaeology and anthropology, it looks at the manner in which archaeologists can interpret shamanism in the archaeological record.
In this book, three leading scholars, representing different branches of the humanities, dwell on the current status of shamanic practices and conceptions of the soul, both as ‘etic’ scholarly categories in historical research and as foci of spiritual revitalization among the indigenous populations of post-Soviet Siberia.
Shamanism is a spiritual practice that involves a practitioner (shaman) interacting with the spirit world through altered states of consciousness, such as trance. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The goal of this is usually to direct spirits or spiritual energies into the physical world for the purpose of healing, divination , or to aid human beings in some other way.
Shamanism is a flexible custom that is embedded in a framework of cosmological beliefs and practices. [13] Shamans believe there is a spiritual connection between everything in the universe, and therefore, do not consider Shamanism to be a religion, nor a science. Instead, Shamanism can be viewed as healing or helping technology. [14]
Operations management involves a wide range of problem–solving skills aiming to help individuals or organizations to make more rational decisions as well as improving their efficiency. [5] However, operations management often assumes that agents involved in the process or operating system, such as employees, consumers and suppliers, make ...
[5] Through Charles' perspective, communication is the focus of the message exchange processes that define characteristics of organizational communication as a practice and discipline. He used the term, communication, to "refer to those behaviors of human beings, or those artifacts created by human beings, which result in messages being ...
Scientific management is a theory of management that analyzes and synthesizes workflows. Its main objective is improving economic efficiency , especially labor productivity . It was one of the earliest attempts to apply science to the engineering of processes in management.