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Natural color X-ray photogram of a wine scene. Note the edges of hollow cylinders as compared to the solid candle. William Coolidge explains medical imaging and X-rays.. An X-ray (also known in many languages as Röntgen radiation) is a form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than those of ultraviolet rays and longer than those of gamma rays.
In frequency (and thus energy), UV rays sit between the violet end of the visible spectrum and the X-ray range. The UV wavelength spectrum ranges from 399 nm to 10 nm and is divided into 3 sections: UVA, UVB, and UVC.
Photographic recording of Kα and Kβ X-ray emission lines for a range of elements. Moseley's law is an empirical law concerning the characteristic X-rays emitted by atoms.The law has been discovered and published by the English physicist Henry Moseley in 1913–1914.
The Duane–Hunt law, named after the American physicists William Duane and Franklin L. Hunt, [1] gives the maximum frequency of X-rays that can be emitted by Bremsstrahlung in an X-ray tube by accelerating electrons through an excitation voltage V into a metal target. The maximum frequency ν max is given by [2]
Electromagnetic – gamma rays: 10 21: 1 zettahertz (ZHz) 36 ZHz: Resonance width of the rho meson: 10 24: 1 yottahertz (YHz) 10 27: 1 ronnahertz (RHz) 3.9 RHz: Highest energy (16 TeV) gamma ray detected, from Markarian 501: 10 30: 1 quettahertz (QHz) 10 43: 10 trillion QHz: 18.5 trillion QHz: The unit of inverse time (or frequency) in the ...
Characteristic X-rays are emitted when outer-shell electrons fill a vacancy in the inner shell of an atom, releasing X-rays in a pattern that is "characteristic" to each element. Characteristic X-rays were discovered by Charles Glover Barkla in 1909, [ 1 ] who later won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery in 1917.
Bragg diffraction (also referred to as the Bragg formulation of X-ray diffraction) was first proposed by Lawrence Bragg and his father, William Henry Bragg, in 1913 [1] after their discovery that crystalline solids produced surprising patterns of reflected X-rays (in contrast to those produced with, for instance, a liquid).
The penetration depth of X-rays in water as function of photon energy. Penetration depth is a measure of how deep light or any electromagnetic radiation can penetrate into a material. It is defined as the depth at which the intensity of the radiation inside the material falls to 1/ e (about 37%) of its original value at (or more properly, just ...