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Mbuna (pronounced Mmm-boo-nah [1]) is the common name for a large group of African cichlids from Lake Malawi, and are members of the haplochromine family. The name mbuna means "rockfish" in the language of the Tonga people of Malawi. [2]
Lake Malawi is noted for being the site of evolutionary radiations among several groups of animals, most notably cichlid fish. [58] There are at least 700 cichlid species in Lake Malawi, [7] with some estimating that the actual figure is as high as 1,000 species.
Cynotilapia afra, the afra cichlid or dogtooth cichlid, is a small species of cichlid fish from Lake Malawi in East Africa, where found in rocky habitats. [2]The genus name roughly translates as dogtooth cichlid (hence its common name) which describes the sharp, conical unicuspid teeth unique to this genus within the Lake Malawi species flock.
Maylandia estherae (the Red Zebra mbuna, Red Zebra Cichlid, or Esther Grant's Zebra) is a haplochromine cichlid.It is a rock dwelling fish or mbuna from Lake Malawi.This fish, like most cichlids from Lake Malawi, is a mouthbrooder - females hold their fertilized eggs then fry in their mouths until they are released after about 21 days.
The most famous and diverse group, the African cichlids, can be further split either into Eastern and Western varieties, or into groups depending on which lake the species is from: Lake Malawi, Lake Victoria, or Lake Tanganyika. [76] [77] Of these subgroups, the Madagascar and Indian cichlids are the most basal and least diverse. [citation needed]
Mature male electric yellow cichlid. The electric yellow cichlid is a popular freshwater aquarium fish. It is a naturally occurring variant of Labidochromis caeruleus endemic to the central western coastal region of Nkhata Bay in Lake Malawi in East Africa. It is the most popular African cichlid amongst aquarium hobbyists. [1]
The species is endemic to littoral zones on the east, Mozambique coastline of Lake Malawi, south of Chuanga. [3] [4] The species is popular in the fishkeeping hobby and is frequently kept in cichlid aquariums. [5] [6] In the aquarium trade, the fish is known as the bluegray mbuna or the electric blue johanni. [3] [6]
Pseudotropheus saulosi is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi in East Africa, where it lives in areas with rocky substrates. [2] It is classified as a dwarf-mbuna and was first described by Ad Konings in 1990, who gave it the specific name saulosi in honour of Saulos Mwale who caught over 3,000 specimens in a single day on the expedition which collected the type. [3]