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Shihab al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Qādir ibn Sālim ibn ʿUthmān, most commonly known as Arab Faqīh, was an Adalite writer of the chronicle "Futuh al-Habasha", a first hand account of the Ethiopian-Adal war in the sixteenth century. [1]
Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi was a military leader of the medieval Adal Sultanate in the northern Horn of Africa. Between 1529 and 1543, he embarked on a campaign referred to as the Futuh Al-Habash, bringing the three-quarters of Christian Abyssinia under the control of the Muslim empire. [9]
The Battle of Antukyah was fought in 1531 between Adal Sultanate forces under Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi and the Abyssinian army under Eslamu.Huntingford has located Antukyah about 89 kilometres (55 miles) south of Lake Hayq, at the edge of the Ethiopian Highlands, in the modern district of Antsokiya and Gemza.
Because it was a natural fortress, the Emperors also kept the imperial treasury there even after it was no longer a royal prison. The Muslims, under Ahmed Gragn, made several attempts to capture Amba Geshen: the Futuh al-Habasha describes the first (in November 1531) and second
The famous Futuh Al-Habasha manuscript was written during the 16th century by Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd al-Qādir ʻArabfaqīh, who was present during the rise and fall of the Adal Sultanate as well as the actual jihad. Shihāb al-Dīn would later document about the Ethiopian-Adal War and explicitly about the Somali clans that participated.
In Egypt, the works of native scholars such as Rifā'a Rafi' al-Tāhtawī led to renewed interest in the Pharaonic past and helped give rise to Egyptian national identity movements such as Pharaonism. Though initially derided by other Arabs as tafar'un (meaning lapsing into pharaonism), the Egyptian movements were in time emulated elsewhere:
Shihab al-Din Ahmad mentions the Patron Saint Awbube by name in his famous book Futuh al Habasha. He states: "When the two columns of soldiers that were proceeding on the road came into each other's view, the idol-worshippers mounted a charge against the rear guard of the Muslims. Those in the rear guard held their ground, and mounted their horses.
Muhammad ibn Azhar ad-Din (Arabic: محمد بن الأزهر الدين) (reigned 1488–1518) was a Sultan of the Adal Sultanate.Sihab ad-Din Ahmad states in his Futuh al-Habasha that he was the son of Azhar, the second son of Abu Bakr, one of the ten sons of Sa'ad ad-Din II, and ruled for 30 years.