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The feminist movement has affected change in Western society, including women's suffrage; greater access to education; more equitable pay with men; the right to initiate divorce proceedings; the right of women to make individual decisions regarding pregnancy (including access to contraceptives and abortion); and the right to own property. [1] [2]
Rhoda K. Unger (1939-2019) was a feminist psychologist known for her position at the forefront of female activism in psychology. [1] Unger was strongly committed to promoting social justice within society and women in science. [2]
Some feminist philosophies of science question whether science can lay claim to "impartiality, neutrality, autonomy, and indifference to political positions and the values" when the "neutral" position is benchmarked against the values held by one culture (i.e. western patriarchy) among the multitude of cultures participating in modern science.
Feminist psychology is a form of psychology centered on social structures and gender. Feminist psychology critiques historical psychological research as done from a male perspective with the view that males are the norm. [1] Feminist psychology is oriented on the values and principles of feminism.
First-wave standpoint theory emerged in the 1970s and 1980s, spearheaded by feminist philosophers like Sandra Harding. [5] In Harding's 1986 book The Science Question in Feminism, she introduced the term "standpoint" to distinguish it from a generic perspective, emphasizing the requirement of political engagement.
Video Resources: The Changing Face of Feminist Psychology [20] is an original documentary that uses archival material and interviews to explore the context in which feminist psychology emerged and how it has shaped the field of psychology. [3] Original interview clips from individual psychologists can also be found on PFV's YouTube channel. [21]
It has had a massive influence on American politics. [1] [2] Feminism in the United States is often divided chronologically into first-wave, second-wave, third-wave, and fourth-wave feminism. [3] [4] As of 2023, the United States is ranked 17th in the world on gender equality. [5]
Although the term "transnational" was chosen for its supposed political power and ability to "resist or question modernity", Laura Briggs, in the Oxford Handbook of Feminist Theory, claims that "transnational feminism" could only be legitimized as a separate field of feminist study when the term "transnational" started being used by business ...