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Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are a class of drugs used in the treatment of breast cancer in postmenopausal women and in men, [1] [2] and gynecomastia in men. They may also be used off-label to reduce estrogen conversion when supplementing testosterone exogenously. They may also be used for chemoprevention in women at high risk for breast cancer.
Aromatase inhibitors, which stop the production of estrogen in postmenopausal women, have become useful in the management of patients with breast cancer whose lesion was found to be estrogen receptor positive. [33] Inhibitors that are in current clinical use include anastrozole, exemestane, and letrozole.
In addition, whereas bicalutamide monotherapy can increase testosterone levels by up to 2-fold in men, [64] [76] the medication does not increase testosterone levels in women. [ 77 ] [ 78 ] [ 79 ] For these reasons, much lower dosages of bicalutamide (e.g., 25 mg/day in the hirsutism studies) may be used in women with significant antiandrogenic ...
AIs are divided into two categories, steroidal aromatase inhibitors (SAIs, type 1 inhibitors) and non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors (type 2 inhibitors) that is based on their mechanism of action and structure. NSAIs are mainly used to treat breast cancer in women.
‘Testosterone might not be the right treatment option for every woman, but women are, at present, being denied the basic opportunity to discuss it with a healthcare professional,’ says Dr Newson.
The main source of estrogen is the ovaries in premenopausal women, while in post-menopausal women most of the body's estrogen is produced via the conversion of androgens into estrogen by the aromatase enzyme in the peripheral tissues (i.e. adipose tissue like that of the breast) and a number of sites in the brain. Estrogen is produced locally ...