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The word "Jew" is derived from the name given to Judah (son of Jacob), son of Jacob and Leah. The Hebrew for Judah is Yehudah, from the wording "I will praise" (odeh, Gen. 29:35). The root for this wording means "to thank". [4] and refers to "I am grateful."
In kabbalah, the divine soul (נפש האלקית ; nefesh ha'elokit) is the source of good inclination, or yetzer tov, and Godly desires.. The divine soul is composed of the ten sefirot from the side of holiness, and garbs itself with three garments of holiness, namely Godly thought, speech and action associated with the 613 commandments of the Torah.
Several verses from Psalm 51 are regular parts of Jewish liturgy. Verses (in Hebrew) 3, 4, 9, 13, 19, 20, and 21 are said in Selichot. Verses 9, 12, and 19 are said during Tefillat Zakkah prior to the Kol Nidrei service on Yom Kippur eve. Verse 17, "O Lord, open my lips", is recited as a preface to the Amidah in all prayer services
The words used in the Shema prayer are similar to the words of verse 1 of Sura 112 (Al-Tawhid or Monotheism) in the Quran: Arabic: قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ, qul huwa llāhu ʾaḥad ("Say, He is God the One"). The word أَحَدٌ, aḥad, in Arabic is a cognate of the word אֶחָד , eḥad, in Hebrew. [46]
The Hebrew word Selah, possibly an instruction on the reading of the text, breaks the psalm after verses 3, 5 and 8. C. S. Rodd argues that the psalm's structure is unclear, but suggests: Verses 1-5: a prayer for help; Verses 6-7: an expression of confidence in God; Verses 8-11: an appeal against the psalmist's enemies
Asking God to bring the Jews back from the Exile into Israel. Mishpat משפט Asking God to judge us justly and to restore the judges to Israel. Minim מינים Asking to destroy the heretical sects and informers. This blessing was a later addition to the Amida, and is the 19 blessing. Tzadikim צדיקים
Quoting Psalm 119:105, "Your word is a lamp to my feet, and a light to my path," and Proverbs 20:27, "The spirit of man is the lamp of the Lord," the midrash taught that God offers people to let God's lamp (the Torah) be in their hand and their lamp (their souls) be in God's hand. The lamp of God is the Torah, as Proverbs 6:23 says, "For the ...
"Justice, justice shall you pursue." (Deuteronomy 16:20.) Shofetim or Shoftim (Hebrew: שֹׁפְטִים, romanized: shofəṭim "judges", the first word in the parashah) is the 48th weekly Torah portion (פָּרָשָׁה , parashah) in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the fifth in the Book of Deuteronomy.