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Integrated over the sailing craft, the total aerodynamic force (F T) is located at the centre of effort (CE), which is a function of the design and adjustment of the sails on a sailing craft. Similarly, the total hydrodynamic force ( F l ) is located at the centre of lateral resistance ( CLR ), which is a function of the design of the hull and ...
Hull speed can be calculated by the following formula: where is the length of the waterline in feet, and is the hull speed of the vessel in knots. If the length of waterline is given in metres and desired hull speed in knots, the coefficient is 2.43 kn·m −½.
A sailing vessel heels when the boat leans over to the side in reaction to wind forces on the sails. A sailing vessel's form stability (derived from the shape of the hull and the position of the center of gravity) is the starting point for resisting heeling. Catamarans and iceboats have a wide stance that makes them resistant to heeling.
The volume of a ship's hull below the waterline (solid), divided by the volume of a rectangular solid (lines) of the same length, height and width, determine a ship's block coefficient. Coefficients [5] help compare hull forms as well: Block coefficient (C b) is the volume (V) divided by the L WL × B WL × T WL. If you draw a box around the ...
For thousands of years ship designers and builders of sailing vessels used rules of thumb based on the midship-section area to size the sails for a given vessel. The hull form and sail plan for the clipper ships, for example, evolved from experience, not from theory. It was not until the advent of steam power and the construction of large iron ...
High-performance sailing is achieved with low forward surface resistance—encountered by catamarans, sailing hydrofoils, iceboats or land sailing craft—as the sailing craft obtains motive power with its sails or aerofoils at speeds that are often faster than the wind on both upwind and downwind points of sail.
The squat effect is the hydrodynamic phenomenon by which a vessel moving through shallow water creates an area of reduced pressure that causes the ship to increase its draft (alternatively decrease the underkeel clearance of the vessel in marine terms) and thereby be closer to the seabed than would otherwise be expected.
Velocity made good, or VMG, is a term used in sailing, especially in yacht racing, indicating the speed of a sailboat towards (or from) the direction of the wind. [1] [2] The concept is useful because a sailboat cannot sail directly upwind, and thus often can not, or should not, sail directly to a mark to reach it as quickly as possible.