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Orthodontics [a] [b] is a dentistry ... functional appliances and extraoral devices are applied around the globe with the aim of amending growth patterns and forms ...
In orthodontics, a malocclusion is a misalignment or incorrect relation between the teeth of the upper and lower dental arches when they approach each other as the jaws close. The English-language term dates from 1864; [1] Edward Angle (1855–1930), the "father of modern orthodontics", [2] [3] [need quotation to verify] popularised it.
Dental age 3 begins when stage 2 ended and ends with all the permanent central, lateral incisors and first permanent molar are in occlusion. Dental age 4 begins when stage 3 ended and ends with the eruption of any permanent canines or premolar. Dental age 5 begins when stage 4 ended and ends with all permanent canines and premolar are in occlusion.
Top (left) and bottom (right) retainers Vacuum form retainer in the foreground (used on upper); illustration of an early Hawley retainer in the background. Orthodontic retainers are custom-made devices, usually made of wires or clear plastic, that hold teeth in position after surgery or any method of realigning teeth.
Orthognathic surgery (/ ˌ ɔːr θ ə ɡ ˈ n æ θ ɪ k /), also known as corrective jaw surgery or simply jaw surgery, is surgery designed to correct conditions of the jaw and lower face related to structure, growth, airway issues including sleep apnea, TMJ disorders, malocclusion problems primarily arising from skeletal disharmonies, and other orthodontic dental bite problems that cannot ...
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Clear aligners are orthodontic devices that are a transparent, plastic form of dental braces used to adjust teeth. [1] Clear aligners have undergone changes, making assessment of effectiveness difficult. [2] A 2014 systematic review concluded that published studies were of insufficient quality to determine effectiveness. [3]
The American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering orthodontic research. It is published by Elsevier and is the official journal of the American Association of Orthodontists. The editor-in-chief is Rolf G. Behrents (Saint Louis University).