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ping is a computer network administration software utility used to test the reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. It is available in a wide range of operating systems – including most embedded network administration software.
In Internet networking, a private network is a computer network that uses a private address space of IP addresses. These addresses are commonly used for local area networks (LANs) in residential, office, and enterprise environments. Both the IPv4 and the IPv6 specifications define private IP address ranges. [1] [2]
The utility may use ARP to resolve an IP address provided by the user. The utility is similar to ping which operates at a higher network layer – probing the network at the Internet Layer via the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP). Two popular variants exist. One is part of Linux iputils suite, [2] and
itun Simple IP over ICMP tunnel; Hans ICMP tunnel for Linux (server and client) and BSD MacOSX (client only) ICMP-Shell a telnet-like protocol using only ICMP; PingTunnel Tunnel TCP over ICMP; ICMP Crafting by Stuart Thomas; Using the ICMP tunneling tool Ping Tunnel; Project Loki Article on ping tunneling in Phrack; ICMP tunnel with C# source code
The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a communication protocol for discovering the link layer address, such as a MAC address, associated with a internet layer address, typically an IPv4 address. The protocol, part of the Internet protocol suite , was defined in 1982 by RFC 826 , which is Internet Standard STD 37.
The pseudo-header consists of the source IP address, the destination IP address, the protocol number for the TCP protocol (6) and the length of the TCP headers and payload (in bytes). Urgent Pointer: 16 bits If the URG flag is set, then this 16-bit field is an offset from the sequence number indicating the last urgent data byte.
Enough Internet hosts are vulnerable that zombie candidates aren't hard to find. A common approach is to simply execute a ping sweep of some network. Choosing a network near your source address, or near the target, produces better results. You can try an idle scan using each available host from the ping sweep results until you find one that works.
Both Vodafone Iceland [40] and Síminn [41] updated their blocks to null route 83.99.152.251, the IP address slembingur.org resolves to. ringulreid.org was a 4chan-like image board in the Icelandic language which had been making the news for cyber-bullying, child porn and similar material. [42]