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Variation in optimism between people is somewhat heritable [4] and reflects biological trait systems to some degree. [clarification needed] [5] A person's optimism is also influenced by environmental factors, including family environment, [4] and may be learnable. [6] [page needed] Optimism may also be related to health. [7]
In the preparation of The Standard Dictionary, Fernald was editor of synonyms, antonyms, and prepositions, and he was editor-in-chief of the Students' Standard Dictionary and other abridgments. He was editor also of The Classic Speller, Scientific Side-Lights and, for a time, of The Homiletic Review.
For James, [2] meliorism stands in the middle between optimism and pessimism, and treats the salvation of the world as a probability rather than a certainty or impossibility. In the case of a meliorist praxis , the activist contemporary of the Pragmatists Jane Addams stripped progressive ideals of any elitist privilege calling for a "lateral ...
Optimism bias or optimistic bias is a cognitive bias that causes someone to believe that they themselves are less likely to experience a negative event. It is also known as unrealistic optimism or comparative optimism. It is common and transcends gender, ethnicity, nationality, and age. [1] Autistic people are less susceptible to this kind of ...
Zuckerberg, who considers himself an optimist, certainly believed that Facebook, which he cofounded nearly 20 years ago, would catch on. But he also heard plenty of criticism from doubters who ...
The tide of Whiggish optimism (exemplified by Macaulay) receded somewhat in the middle of the reign of Queen Victoria. Classical culture, based on traditional classical scholarship in Latin and Greek literature, had itself been under attack externally for two generations or more by 1900, and had produced, in Friedrich Nietzsche , a model ...
The resulting optimism—one that grew from pessimism—is a learned optimism. The optimist's outlook on failure can thus be summarized as "What happened was an unlucky situation (not personal), and really just a setback (not permanent) for this one, of many, goals (not pervasive)".
A common question asked to test for pessimism is "Is the glass half empty or half full?"; in this situation, a pessimist is said to see the glass as half empty, or in extreme cases completely empty, while an optimist is said to see the glass as half full. Throughout history, the pessimistic disposition has had effects on all major areas of ...