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The liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1) also known as totipotency pioneer factor NR5A2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 5, group A, member 2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR5A2 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] LRH-1 is a member of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors .
Cellular differentiation is an essential function of the archaeocyte. All specialized cells within the sponge have its origins with the archaeocyte. This is especially important in reproduction as the sex cells of the sponge in sexual reproduction are formed from these amoeboid cells.
Transdifferentiation refers to the conversion of one cellular phenotype to another. [21] This phrase defines the overview of what dedifferentiation contributes to cell fates; firstly, dedifferentiation brings the cell back up the epigenetic landscape, [ 22 ] and then the cell can “roll” down a new valley, thus re-differentiating into a new ...
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The division of blastomeres from the zygote allows a single fertile cell to continue to cleave and differentiate until a blastocyst forms. The differentiation of the blastomere allows for the development of two distinct cell populations: the inner cell mass, which becomes the precursor to the embryo, and the trophectoderm, which becomes the precursor to the placenta.
The first person to successfully demonstrate reprogramming was John Gurdon, who in 1962 demonstrated that differentiated somatic cells could be reprogrammed back into an embryonic state when he managed to obtain swimming tadpoles following the transfer of differentiated intestinal epithelial cells into enucleated frog eggs. [27]
Research on regenerative medicine has focused on progenitor cells, and stem cells, because their cellular senescence contributes largely to the process of aging. [5] Research on cancer biology focuses on the impact of progenitor cells on cancer responses, and the way that these cells tie into the immune response.
Can give rise to all other cell types. Totipotency remains through the first few cell divisions, e.g. the fertilised egg. Pluripotent cells: Can develop into all cell types (except those that form the amniotic sac and the placenta). For example, the early embryo consists mainly of pluripotent stem cells. Multipotent cells